Monday 20 April 2015

CASE STUDY OF GOOGLE

<Case Study>CASE STUDY: GOOGLE

Google's innovative search technologies connect millions of people around the world with information every day. Founded in 1998 by Stanford Ph.D. students Larry Page and Sergey Brin, Google today is a top web property in all major global markets. Google's targeted advertising program, which is the largest and fastest growing in the industry, provides businesses of all sizes with measurable results, while enhancing the overall web experience for users. Google is headquartered in Silicon Valley with offices throughout North America, Europe, and Asia. 

Google facts:-

  • Founded
    1998
  • Founders
    Larry Page and Sergey Brin
  • Incorporation
    September 4, 1998
  • Initial public offering (NASDAQ)
    August 19, 2004
  • Headquarters
    1600 Amphitheatre Parkway
    Mountain View
    CA 94043

Our culture

It’s really the people that make Google the kind of company it is. We hire people who are smart and determined, and we favor ability over experience. Although Googlers share common goals and visions for the company, we hail from all walks of life and speak dozens of languages, reflecting the global audience that we serve. And when not at work, Googlers pursue interests ranging from cycling to beekeeping, from frisbee to foxtrot.
We strive to maintain the open culture often associated with startups, in which everyone is a hands-on contributor and feels comfortable sharing ideas and opinions. In our weekly all-hands (“TGIF”) meetings—not to mention over email or in the cafe—Googlers ask questions directly to Larry, Sergey and other execs about any number of company issues. Our offices and cafes are designed to encourage interactions between Googlers within and across teams, and to spark conversation about work as well as play.


Innovations at Google

Google management also focused on encouraging innovation and creativity at the workplace. It realized that to maintain its growth, the company had to come out with new products/features. However, the company faced problems on how to tap ideas that could be turned into successful products. Said Silverstein, "We always had great ideas, but we didn't have a good way of expressing them or capturing them." To overcome the problem, Google set up an internal web page for tracking new ideas...

Google's Organizational Culture

Google had an informal work culture at Googleplex (its headquarters). Both Larry and Sergey wanted to make Google a fun place to work. Reflecting their beliefs, the Googleplex was decorated with Lava Lamps and painted in the bright colors of the Google Logo (Refer Figure I for Google Logo).

Googlers were allowed to bring their pets in to the workplace, and were themselves provided with free snacks, lunch and dinner prepared by a celebrity chef Charlie Ayers. The Googleplex had snack rooms offering Googlers cereals, gummi bears, cashew nuts and other snacks along with fruit juices, soda and cappuccino...

GOOGLE AS A SEARCH ENGINE

Search Engines, especially Google have evolved technologically (amongst other parameters) over the years. The computing power of the software and hardware now deployed by the search giant can better be assessed in terms of the functions it performs and its wide reach.

How Search Engines Work
Broadly speaking, search engines’ functions can be divided into three:
* Crawling
This is the use of special software commonly known as bots, crawlers or spiders to access information on various websites through principally three means:
1. Links from other websites already in the search engine’s index or gathered while crawling
2. Url’s/links submitted by webmasters
3. Sitemaps submitted by webmasters
Ordinarily one would visualize the bots as some crawling objects moving rapidly all over the web via links to reach different websites in performing its tasks. However, in reality that is not the case. It operates from a particular physical location and is akin to your web browser. It operates by sending various requests to the web servers from which it downloads/fetches various information on new web pages, updated web pages and dead links which are all used to update it’s index. As web pages are crawled, new links detected on these web pages are added to the engine’s list of pages to crawl.
In the process of crawling, the engines encounter challenges in the sense that there is a trade off between minimizing the resources it spends on crawling and maintaining an up to date index. It tries to avoid re-indexing an unchanged web page while it strives to capture all changed web pages in order to keep its index always current.
* Indexing
The search engines stores the pages it’s crawlers retrieve from various web pages in a massive index database. It sorts this information based on search terms and arranges it in alphabetical order. This sorting enables rapid retrieval of documents from the index when search queries demand them. It processes the words in the web pages noting the location of the keywords within the pages e.g. title tags, alt attributes. The engines do process many, but not all content types. As an illustration, it cannot process the content of some rich media files or dynamic pages.
To improve search performance, the search engines ignore (doesn’t index) common words called stop words (such as the, is, on, or, of, how, why, as well as certain single digits and single letters). These words are so common and do little to narrow a search, and therefore can safely be ignored. The indexer also ignores some punctuation and multiple spaces, in addition to converting all letters to lowercase, to improve it’s performance.
* Search Query Processor
This is what most search users are conversant with and in fact quite often erroneously regard as the “search engine”. It comprises some components with the most visible being the search box or interface through which the search user interacts with the search engine, forwarding his search query for processing.
When a user sends in a query through the interface, the index rapidly retrieves the most relevant documents for the search query. Relevance is determined algorithmically based on many ranking factors numbering over 200. A key factor amongst these is PageRank which is a measure of the importance of a web page. This is determined by the number and quality of links pointing to the web page. It is however important to stress that not all links are equal as links emanating from high ranked web pages is considered more powerful than links from low ranked web pages.
Human Resource and Organization Behavior | Case Study in Management, Operations, Strategies, Human Resource and Organization Behavior, Case Studies

TRENDS IN BOLLYWOOD


Ten trends that will change Bollywood in the year ahead 


(1)VISION VERSUS MOOLAH


Filmmaking, at the end of the day, is about good ideas and not about how much money is being spent. While a lot is said about budgets and Rs 100 crore-plus box-office stats driving the business, every producer knows that cinema is ultimately about expressing a vision. 
Even if you look at the biggest hits that have ever been made, you realise these films are special because they are as unique as a fingerprint or a signature. Films cannot be made by a committee and cannot be made if one is constantly thinking about target audience. 
The distinctions in the thought processes of the filmmaker and studio executive will not wane, but continue to play in everyone’s mind. 

(2)SLUMP TIME FOR HYPE 
PK has proven a huge hit at the year-end with its unconventional storyline
(PK has proven a huge hit at the year-end with its unconventional storyline)

The past few years have seen a dam burst as far as hype and aggressive marketing of films go, with every producer allocating a substantial part of his film’s budget for the purpose of promotions. The trend will slide downward in 2015. 
Almost every production, particularly the big-budget ones, is these days creating a situation where the star cast literally exhausts itself promoting a film, at times spending more effort on such activity than actually shooting the film! 
Stars are all over, on practically every reality show, in the social networking sphere and also doing the old-fashioned live publicity gigs. The fad of excessive marketing is reaching its saturation point now. Ultimately, the audience cannot be fooled if the content is weak. 


(3)LOOKING BEYOND SUPERSTARS 

The notion that superstars are all that matters for Bollywood has been proved wrong consistently over the past few years. The industry is now very well aware that a superstar cannot carry a film on his shoulders no matter how average or bad it is. In 2015, this notion will be reiterated. 
Films such as PK prove that mixing a superstar’s popularity and entertainment value with solid content helps  garner greater box-office returns than mindless fare. 

(4)CONTENT WILL BE KING 

The shift in audience taste over the past few years has clearly indicated that new-age viewers crave compelling ideas. Films have to be made on novel storylines and, most importantly, narrated in an engaging manner. 
Most box-office hits, big and small, in recent times have shown that the popular desire for novelty is here to stay. This aspect will become more apparent in 2015. In the future, studios and production houses will prioritise content over everything else more actively than ever. 


(5)UNUSUAL GENRES TO SOAR

Lately, the audience has grown receptive to genres that did not find wide acceptance even a few years ago. The past few years have shown an increasing demand for women-oriented subjects, biopics, and films without songs, among other genres so far considered unconventional in Hindi films. 
As 2015 approaches, most filmmakers are keeping in mind the fact that the audience continues to be more experimental in their cinematic choices. So productions launched are looking at fresh themes and pushing the limits on what has traditionally been considered to be entertainment. 

(6)NEW TALENT BEYOND ACTORS 

The fact is established that show business has always been talent-driven. The definition of talent will broaden beyond actors and stars, to include directors, creative producers, writers, musicians and new faces in every department of a film’s crew. This will happen because films driven by direction and writing will gradually find more acceptance. 
The pace at which young talent is launched in Bollywood will only continue to increase in 2015. Filmmakers will continue to have a wider choice in terms of selecting new actors for their films, too. 
Slated for a February release, the movie Shamitabh has already gathered hype


(7)ONLINE BIZ BOOM AHEAD

It is a known fact that the home video business is slowly dying out. With an increasing demand for an alternative source of entertainment for the home audience, filmmakers will look at Digital EST (electronic sell-through) and online VOD (video on demand) transactions to garner revenue. 
These different ways of taking cinema to the audience beyond the big screen will increasingly generate more money and start making up for the DVD business, which is dying worldwide. 

(8)NO STOPPING PIRACY 

The sad thing is piracy will continue to plague the film business. There seems to be no solution to the malady, and there is no reason to expect any serious lawful intervention to bust the problem any time soon. Even as the industry grows, the menace will continue bleeding business as ever. 

(9)DROP IN REMAKE FAD 

The fetish for the larger-than-life hero is losing its lustre among the audience, and the trend will only grow in 2015. The trend now is to create believable characters and situations. This in turn means Bollywood will learn to go slow on remaking south Indian blockbusters that have traditionally ridden over-the-top heroism. 

(10)ENTER THE MEGAPLEX

The single screen made way for the multiplex. Now is the time for Indians to greet the megaplex — gigantic cineplexes with 10 to 15 screen. The trend has been popular in the West for long. 
Back home, while south India has already has had its brush with the megaplex, the idea is now catching on with exhibitors all over. Megaplexes are an outcome of Bollywood’s growing business patterns. 


CASE STUDY OF FLIPKART....

                                            FLIPKART


Flipkart, is an E-Commerce company established in 2007 by Sachin Bansal and Binny Bansal. It operates exclusively in India, with headquarters at BangaloreKarnataka. Flipkart has launched its own product range under the name "DigiFlip" with products including tablets, USBs, and laptop bags.
In May 2014, Flipkart received $210 million from DST Global and in July it raised $1 billion led by existing investors Tiger Global and South Africa's media group Naspers. Flipkart's last fundraising round in December had pegged its valuation at $12 billion.

Flipkart’s Unique Selling Proposition
1.Flipkart is targeting customer service as its USP. 2,500 staff work across 24×7 customer service, and its own supply chain – warehouses, distribution centres across 13 cities.
If I were starting a new Internet business at the moment, I’d definitely be researching sites beyond Europe and the US for some best practices and new ideas.
2.Flipkart doesn’t publish any revenue figures, and in its company information it states that it had $31m of funding.


https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CB4QqQIwAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.business-standard.com%2Farticle%2Fcompanies%2Fflipkart-has-biggest-piece-of-indian-e-tail-pie-115032100041_1.html&ei=ftQPVePuPIuJuwTylYCIBQ&usg=AFQjCNFgeSlJ1iSlhEq6-mqWD7iWerUhDQ&sig2=oNT8Lw9S98NnvxrqEI4O7w&bvm=bv.88528373,d.c2E

4.
Technology at Flipkart

At the cusp of our next big trajectory, we have come a long way in creating technologies that are not only automated, but are also intelligent. Our customer focus and use of latest technologies have made us the benchmark for e-commerce in India. Our people today are writing the future of Indian e-commerce.
ROLES OF FLIPKART:-In today's world you either get with the times or create your own path for others to follow. At Flipkart, the ground-breaking work never stops. The sheer number of changes and advancements that Flipkart has achieved is all because of the people who strive hard and work meticulously just to make sure everything is where it should be.
COMPETITORS OF FLIPKART:-Since Flipkart sells various product categories (in essence a diversified e commerce company) there are several competitors it has. 

Myntra, HomeShop18, Amazon, eBay, Jabong, Indiatimes Shopping are all competitors in the clothing - electronics (with everything in between thrown in) space.
MY POINT OF VIEW:-The best competitor of Flipkart is SNAPDEAL

Monday 30 March 2015

Comparison of News between BBC and INDIA TV

                              DANGEROUS FLOOD IN J&K

(INDIA TV NEWS)

Floods declared in J&K, 8 people killed in house collapse, 16 feared trapped

Srinagar: At least eight people were killed and over 16 people feared trapped following the collapse of two residential houses in central Kashmir at Sharar-e-Sharief in Budgam district.
The police has confirmed the mishap and are working with the Army and civil administration for the rescue of the missing people, according to some media reports.
The state government today declared a flood situation in Kashmir Valley as Jhelum river crossed the danger mark in Srinagar following incessant rains.  
Prime Minister Narendra Modi today sent a high level team of officials, along with Minister of State for Minority Affairs, Mukhtar Abbas Naqvi to assess flood like situation in J&K.
All schools in the Valley have been closed for two days after heavy rains inundated large areas.  
According to the Chief Engineer Irrigation and Flood Control Kashmir, river Jhelum crossed the danger mark of 18 feet and 22 feet at Ram Munshibagh and Sangam respectively at 7 AM.
Accordingly the authorities have declared that Kashmir is facing a flood situation and people living in low lying areas, especially in and around Jhelum, have been advised to move to safer areas.
The government has put forth men and machinery into service to help the people affected by the floods, an official spokesman said.
Elderly persons and children have also been asked to shift to specially set up camps.
He said all the employees deployed for flood control have been asked to report for duty immediately.
The heavy rains and flooding have paralysed normal life in the Valley, which was devastated by the worst-ever floods in its history in September last year.
"The government today decided to shut all schools up to class 12 for today and tomorrow in the wake of flood alert," Director Education, Kashmir, Showkat Beigh, told PTI.  
Beigh said the government had first announced closure of schools up to class eight only, but the decision to extend it to high and higher secondary schools was taken this morning after assessing the situation.
He said all Board of School Examinations scheduled for today and tomorrow have also been postponed.  Meanwhile, University of Kashmir has also postponed its annual examinations for two days.  
"The university examinations scheduled for today and tomorrow have been postponed. The new dates for these papers will be notified separately," a University official said.  
Two teams of National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) comprising 100 personnel have been rushed as part of contingency measures in Jammu and Kashmir


(BBC NEWS IN HINDI)



जम्मू-कश्मीर बाढ़: एक्शन में पीएम और सीएम



प्रधानमंत्री नरेंद्र मोदी ने जम्मू कश्मीर में बाढ़ की स्थिति पर गंभीर चिंता जताई है और केंद्रीय मंत्री मुख्‍तार अब्‍बास नकवी को जम्‍मू-कश्‍मीर के प्रभावित इलाक़े का दौरा करने का निर्देश दिया है.
मुख्तार अब्बास नकवी केंद्रीय अधिकारियों की एक टीम के साथ प्रभावित इलाकों में जाएगें और नुकसान और स्थितियों का पूरा जायजा लेंगे.
दूसरी ओर जम्मू कश्मीर के मुख्यमंत्री मुफ्ती मोहम्मद सईद भी जल्द ही बाढ़ प्रभावित इलाकों का जायजा लेंगे.
उन्होंने कहा, "बाढ़ से प्रभावित लोगों को उचित मुआवजा दिया जाएगा. उम्मीद है कि आने वाले दिनों में हालात बेहतर होंगे."

चौबीसो घंटे चौकसी



जम्मू कश्मीर में बाढ़ पर स्थितियों से निपटने के लिए दोपहर में राष्ट्रीय आपदा प्रबंधन समिति की बैठक होगी.
जम्मू कश्मीर के शिक्षा मंत्री नईम अख्तर ने बताया कि पिछले साल आई आपदा से सबक लेते हुए सरकार बाढ़ नियंत्रण और प्रबंधन के लिए जरूरी कदम उठा रही है.
नईम अख्तर का कहना है कि नाव और बालू के बोरों का इंतजाम किया जा चुका है और घाटी में जगह जगह चौबीसो घंटे चौकसी बरती जा रही है.
जम्मू कश्मीर सरकार ने श्रीनगर और संगम में झेलम का जल स्तर खतरे का निशान पार होने के बाद राज्य में बाढ़ घोषित कर दी है.
साथ ही सरकार ने लोगों को सुरक्षित स्थानों पर जाने को कहा है.

खतरे के पार जल स्तर



झेलम नदी में पानी का स्तर बढ़ने के बाद रविवार की रात को बाढ़ की चेतावनी जारी की गई थी.
राज्य के कई इलाकों में पिछले 24 घंटों से लगातार बारिश हो रही है.
श्रीनगर में मौजूद बीबीसी संवादाता रियाज़ मसरूर के मुताबिक़ सुबह चार बजे प्रशासन ने अपने बयान में कहा है कि झेलम के किनारे संगम और राम मुंशी बाग में पानी ख़तरे के निशान से ऊपर पहुंच चुका है.
समाचार एजेंसी पीटीआई ने पुलिस के हवाले से बताया कि भारी बारिश के बाद हुए भूस्खलन की वजह से 18 घरों समेत 44 इमारतों को नुकसान पहुंचा है.

कश्मीर में बाढ़

प्रशासन की ओर से चेतावनी जारी होने के बाद से श्रीनगर और दक्षिण कश्मीर में झेलम नदी के किनारे के इलाकों से लोग सुरक्षित जगहों के लिए निकल चुके हैं.
लोगों की मदद के लिए सोशल मीडिया और रेडियो के ज़रिए टेलीफोन नंबर जारी किए गए हैं.
साथ ही झेलम के आर पार और किनारों के महत्वपूर्ण इलाकों में राहत शिविर की व्यवस्था की गई है.

परीक्षाएं स्थगित

भूस्खलन के कारण जम्मू श्रीनगर हाईवे बंद कर दिया गया है.


कश्मीर बाढ़

जम्मू कश्मीर में सारी परीक्षाएं स्थगित कर दी गई हैं और स्कूलों में दो दिन की छुट्टी का ऐलान किया गया है.
कश्मीर घाटी में शनिवार से ही भारी बारिश हो रही है. पिछले साल भी सितंबर में बाढ़ आई थी.
MY POINT OF VIEW:- BBC Hindi is more better than INDIA TV, Because BBC Hindi cover the whole news very deeply and they showed more pictures rather than INDIA TV. 

Wednesday 28 May 2014

!!..ScHOoL lIfE ROckS..!!


The most amazing days of our life when there was no responsibility of real world but a huge tension of completing homework in a given period of time. The days when teachers and principal were considered as greatest enemies of our life.
We used to fight for silly things with our friends.
Our fights were either for the window seat in the bus or for stationary items like pencil or sharpener.
But such disputes hardly remain for long time and then we again used to become good friends.

Recess which was our favorite time period in school always seemed to be very small.
 The guy/gal with the tastiest food would be the most pampered one, but only till his/her Tiffin is not completely finished...
The days when Superman, Batman, Spiderman and all such characters were our heroes and role-models.

The days when we used to thought of growing up very soon and always try to imitate like a matured grown-up person.

In those days we hated our school as it was responsible for our busy life.
Today when we pass through our school, we keep watching it and start recalling all the fun that we did in those days.



WOMEN EMPOWERMENT


(1)

The people we are in relationship with 
are always a mirror, reflecting our own beliefs,
and simultaneously we are mirrors, reflecting their beliefs.
So... relationship is one of the most powerful tools for growth....
If we look honestly at our relationships,
we can see so much about how we have created them.

(2)


People are like stained-glass windows.
They sparkle and shine when the sun is out,
but when the darkness sets in, their true beauty is revealed
only if there is a light from within.

(3)

There are two ways of spreading light ...
To be the candle, or the mirror that reflects it.

(4)



We never know how high we are
Till we are called to rise;
And then, if we are true to plan,
Our statures touch the skies. 



GARDEN OF GOLD



I walk through the garden,
On this warm summer's day,
To smell the flowers,
That grandma raised.

In the middle,
Of this garden of gold,
Stood this one,
Single red stem rose,
The rose means so many things,
From the ones you receive on your wedding day,
To the one you get on Valentine's Day,
But this single rose standing here today,
Represents the love grandma gave.

From the love she gave,
When she planted it that day,
To the love she gave us,
Each and every day,
So when you pass this garden of gold,
Remember the love that this rose holds.